1.What will be the day of the week 15th August, 2011? | ||||||||
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2. Today is Monday. After 65 days, it will be: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1. If was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of the week Jan 1, 2009? | ||||||||||||||||
2. What was the day of the week on 28th May, 2007?
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3. What was the day of the week on 17th June, 1999 ? | ||||||||
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4. On what dates of April, 2001 did Monday fall? | ||||||||
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In mathematics, a blood relation is a type of relation that
exists between certain members of a family. Specifically, blood relations are
defined as those relations that exist as a result of the sharing of blood
between two individuals. This type of relation is typically found between
siblings, cousins, and other close family members. Blood relations can be used
to define other mathematical concepts, such as kinship and family trees.
In mathematics, a blood relation is a type of relation
between two objects that are related by virtue of sharing a common ancestor.
The most common examples of blood relations are those between siblings,
cousins, and parent-child pairs.
Formula:
In mathematics, a formula is a statement that expresses a
fact or relationship in a concise way. A formula is usually an equation that
relates two or more variables. In a blood relation problem, the variables
typically represent people in a family and the relationships between them. The
goal is to find a formula that describes the relationships in terms of the
variables.
There are a few things to keep in mind when solving blood
relation problems. First, you need to be familiar with the standard notation
for family relationships. For example, “A” is the symbol for a mother, “B” is
the symbol for a father, “C” is the symbol for a child, and so on. Second, you
need to be able to read
and understand a family tree diagram. A family tree
diagram is a graphical representation of a family’s lineage. It shows how
people are related to each other through blood, marriage, or adoption. Finally,
you need to be familiar with the basic principles of solving equations.
Formula is the kinship coefficient, which is also known as
the coefficient of relationship. This formula takes into account the number of
generations that separate the two people.
Question:
Blood relation questions in mathematics aptitude are based
on the family tree. The objective of these questions is to find the
relationship between the different members of a family. The questions are
generally based on theinformation given in the family tree. The family tree
usually contains information about the husband, wife, children, parents,
grandparents, etc.
To solve these questions, one must first understand the
terminology used in the family tree. The following are some of the terms that
are used in the family tree:
Father: The male parent of an individual.
Mother: The female parent of an individual.
Husband: The male spouse of an individual.
Wife: The female spouse of an individual.
Son: A male child of an individual.
Daughter: A female child of an individual.
Brother: A male sibling of an individual.
Sister: A female sibling of an individual.
Blood relation questions in mathematics often stump
students. The following tips may help you better understand and solve these
types of questions.
1.
First, identify the family members in the
question. There are usually three or four people involved in blood relation
problems.
2.
Second, determine the nature of the relationship
between the family members. For example, are they siblings, cousins, or
grandparents?
3.
Once you know the nature of the relationship,
you can begin solving the problem.
4.
Be sure to label the family members with letters
or numbers so that you can keep track of who is who.
5.
Blood relation questions often involve solving
for X. Use the information given in the question to solve for X.
6.
If you get stuck, try drawing a family tree.
This can help you visualize the relationships between the family members and
may give you a clue as to how to solve the problem.
Blood relations are one of the most important topics in mathematics,
especially in arithmetic. Many people have trouble understanding blood
relations, but once you get the hang of it, it's not so bad.
There are three types of blood relations: addition,
subtraction, and multiplication. Each type of blood relation has its own set of
rules.
To add two blood relations, you add the number of relations
each person has. For example, if Person A has 3 relations and Person B has 4
relations, the total number of relations between them is 7.
To subtract two blood relations, you subtract the number of
relations each person has. For example, if Person A has 3 relations and Person
B has 4 relations, the total number of relations between them is -1.
To multiply two blood relations, you multiply the number of
relations each person has. For example, if Person A has 3 relations
A decimal fraction Is a fraction that is written in the form
of a decimal. Decimals are used in many different ways, but the most common way
to use decimals is to divide a number by 10. This is why decimal fractions are
often called “percentage” fractions.
A decimal fraction is a fraction where the denominator is a
power of ten. For example, 1/10 is a decimal fraction because 10 is a power of
ten (10^1). Decimal fractions are also called decimal numbers or simply
decimals.
Decimal fractions are used in many everyday situations. For example, when we measure something using the metric system, the units are often decimal fractions.
For example, a person may be 1.75 metres tall (1 metre = 100
centimetres). When we buy things, the prices are often given as decimal
fractions too. For example, a can of cola might cost $1.50 (1 dollar = 100
cents).
Decimal fractions are easy to work with once you understand
how they work. In general, you just need to move the decimal point to the right
or left to make the number bigger or smaller. For example, if we want to make
1/10 larger, we can move the decimal point one place
A decimal fraction is a number that has a decimal point in it.
For example, 3.14 is a decimal fraction.
When we write a decimal fraction, we use a point to show
where the decimal place is. The number to the left of the decimal point is
called the whole number part, and the number to the right of the decimal point
is called the decimal part.
For example, in the decimal fraction 3.14, the whole number
part is 3 and the decimal part is 14.
The decimal point separates the whole number part from the
decimal part. It is like a line that we can use to divide a number into two
parts.
The whole number part is everything to the left of the
decimal point, and the decimal part is everything to the right of the decimal
point.
Decimals are numbers that are represented with a decimal
point. A decimal point separates the whole number part of a decimal from the
fractional part. The fractional part is everything to the right of the decimal
point.
For example, the number 3.14 is a decimal. The 3 is the
whole number part and the 14 is the fractional part. The fractional part is
made up of the numbers 1 and 4.
The number 0.5 is another example of a decimal. The 0 is the
whole number part and the 5 is the fractional part. The fractional part is just
the number 5.
You can write decimals as fractions. For example, the
decimal 3.14 can be written as the fraction 314/100. The decimal 0.5 can be
written as the fraction ½.
A decimal fraction is a fraction where the denominator
(bottom number) is a power of 10. The decimal point moves to the right with
each increase in the power of 10.
For example, the decimal fraction 1/10 can be written as
0.1. The decimal point is moved one place to the right because the denominator
is 10 (10 = 10^1).
The decimal fraction 1/100 can be written as 0.01. The
decimal point is moved two places to the right because the denominator is 100
(100 = 10^2).
The decimal fraction 1/1000 can be written as 0.001. The
decimal point is moved three places to the right because the denominator is
1000 (1000 = 10^3).
To convert a decimal fraction to a regular fraction, count
the number of decimal places. This is the power of 10 that will be the
denominator. The numerator will be the number with the decimal point removed.
Assuming you would like a blog discussing decimal fractions
and related aptitude questions:
Decimal fractions represent a part of a whole number, where
the whole number is equal to 1. They are written using a decimal point followed
by a number, which represents a fraction of the whole number. For example, the
decimal fraction 0.5 represents a number that is half of the whole number 1.
Aptitude questions related to decimal fractions often ask
you to convert a decimal fraction to a percentage or vice versa. To convert a
decimal fraction to a percentage, simply multiply it by 100. For example, the
decimal fraction 0.5 can be converted to a percentage by multiplying it by 100,
which results in the percentage 50%.
To convert a percentage to a decimal fraction, divide it by
100. For example, the percentage 50% can be converted to a decimal fraction by
dividing it by 100, which results in the decimal fraction 0.5.
What is 0.03 + 0.09?
In order to answer this question, we need to understand what
each digit in the decimal represents. In this case, the 3 in 0.03 represents 3
tenths, and the 9 in 0.09 represents 9 hundredths. To find the sum of these two
numbers, we need to add the 3 tenths and 9 hundredths together, which gives us
a total of 12 hundredths. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 0.12.
Now let's try another example:
What is 0.47 - 0.19?
Again, we need to start
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| Values and Ethics in Procession |
In our previous chapters, we discussed the different aspects of solving a conflict. Let us now understand what do we mean by profession and professionalism. The words “Profession” and “Professionalism” are often referred in the moral issues. Profession Profession means a job or an occupation, that helps a person earn his living. The main criteria of a profession involves the following.
• Advanced expertise − The criteria of a profession is to have sound knowledge in both technical aspects and liberal arts as well. In general, continuing education and updating knowledge are also important.
• Self-regulation − An organization that provides a profession, plays a major role in setting standards for the admission to the profession, drafting codes of ethics, enforcing the standards of conduct and representing the profession before the public and the government.
• Public good − Any occupation serves some public good by maintaining high ethical standards throughout a profession. This is a part of professional ethics where each occupation is intended to serve for the welfare of the public, directly or indirectly to a certain extent. Professionals A person who is paid for getting onvolved in a particular profession in order to earn a living as well as to satisfy the laws of that profession can be understood as a Professional. The definition of a professional is given differently by different experts in the field. Let us see the following definitions −
• “Only consulting engineers who are basically independent and have freedom from coercion can be called as professionals.” − Robert L. Whitelaw
• “Professionals have to meet the expectations of clients and employers. Professional restrains are to be imposed by only laws and government regulations and not by personal conscience.” − Samuel Florman
• “Engineers are professionals when they attain standards of achievement in education, job performance or creativity in engineering and accept the most basic moral responsibilities to the public as well as employers, clients, colleagues and subordinates.” - Mike martin and Ronald Schinzinger Models of Professional Engineers An engineer who is a professional, has some tasks to perform by which he acts as any of the following, which can be termed as Models of Professional Engineers.
• Savior − A person who saves someone or something from any danger is called a Savior. An engineer who saves a group of people or a company from a technical danger can also be called a Savior. The Y2K problem that created problems for computers and computer networks around the world was solved by engineers who were the saviors.
• Guardian − A person who knows the direction towards a better future is known to be the Guardian for the same. An engineer who knows the direction in which there is scope for the technology to develop can also be called a Guardian. This engineer provides the organization with innovative ideas for technological development.
• Bureaucratic Servant − A person who is loyal and can solve problems when they occur using his own skills, is a Bureaucratic servant. An engineer who can be a loyal person to the organization and also the one who solves the technical problems the company encounters, using his special skills can be termed as a Bureaucratic servant. The company relies on his decisionmaking capability for the future growth.
• Social Servant − A person who works for the benefit of the society without any selfish interest and does not work on any business grounds, is called a Social servant. An engineer who receives a task as part of the government’s concern for the society considering the directives laid by the society and accomplishes the assigned tasks can be termed as a Social Servant. He knows what the society needs.
• Social Enabler or Catalyst − A person who makes the society understand its welfare and works towards the benefits of the people in it, is a Social Enabler. An engineer who plays a vital role in a company and helps company along with society to understand their needs and supports their decisions in work can be termed as a Social Enabler or Catalyst. This person quickens the procedure and helps maintain good environment in the company.
• Game Player − A person who plays a game according to the rules given is a Game player in general. An engineer who acts as neither a servant nor a master, but provides his services and plans his works according to the economic game rules in a given time, can be termed as a Game player. He is smart enough to handle the economic conditions of the company. Professionalism Professionalism covers comprehensively all areas of practice of a particular profession. It requires skills and responsibilities involved in engineering profession. Professionalism implies a certain set of attitudes. The art of Professionalism can be understood as the practice of doing the right thing, not because how one feels but regardless of how one feels. Professionals make a profession of the specific kind of activity and conduct to which they commit themselves and to which they can be expected to conform. Moral ideals specify virtue, i.e., desirable feature of character. Virtues are desirable ways of relating to other individuals, groups and organizations. Virtues involve motives, attitudes and emotions. According to Aristotle, virtues are the “acquired habits that enable us to engage effectively in rational activities that defines us as human beings.” Professional Ideals and Virtues The virtues represent excellence in core moral behavior. The essentials for any professional to excel in the profession are behavior, skills and knowledge. The behavior shows the moral ideology of the professional. The moral ideals specify the virtue, i.e., the desirable character traits that talk a lot about the motives, attitude and emotions of an individual.
• Public spirited virtues
• Proficiency virtues
• Team work virtues
• Self-governance virtues The virtues mentioned above show the professional responsibility of an individual. Hence, the professionalism that comes in with these virtues is called Responsible Professionalism. Let us now understand each virtue in detail. Public-spirited Virtues An engineer should focus on the good of the clients and the public at large, which means no harm should be done intentionally. The code of professional conduct in the field of engineering includes avoiding harm and protecting, as well promoting the public safety, health and welfare. Maintaining a sense of community with faith and hope within the society and being generous by extending time, talent and money to professional societies and communities, an engineer can maintain the public-spirited virtue. Finally, justice within corporations, government and economic practices becomes an essential virtue that an engineer should always possess.
Proficiency Virtues These refer to the virtues followed in the profession according to the talent and intellect of an engineer. The moral values that include this virtue are competence and diligence. The competence is being successful in the job being done and the diligence is taking care and having alertness to dangers in the job. Creativity should also be present in accomplishing the assigned task. Teamwork Virtues These virtues represent the coordination among team members which means working successfully with other professionals. These include cooperative nature along with loyalty and respect towards their organization, which makes the engineers motivate the team professionals to work towards their valuable goals. Self-governance Virtues These virtues are concerned with moral responsibilities which represent integrity and self-respect of the person. The integrity actually means the moral integrity which refers to the actions, attitude and emotions of the person concerned during his professional period. The self-governance virtues center on commitment, courage, self-discipline, perseverance, self-respect and integrity. The truthfulness and trustworthiness which represent his honesty are the crucial moral values to be kept up by a professional. Engineering Ethics - Ethical Theories Ethics is that branch of philosophy that deals with morality. An engineer with ethics is a person who is expected to possess the moral integrity with rich ethical values. The ethics are mainly divided into two categories depending upon the morality of humanity. They are − Consequential Ethics The Consequential ethics are values the outcome of which determine the morality behind a particular action.
A lie which saves a life, comes under this. Non-consequential Ethics The non-consequential ethics are values followed where the source of morality comes from the standard values. The moral law which states that a lie is a lie, and shouldn’t be done, though it ends in a good deed can be taken as an example of nonconsequential ethics. Types of Ethical Theories Depending upon the ethics a person is intended to follow, four theories were postulated by four different philosophers.
These theories help to create the fundamentals of obligation suitable and applicable to professional and personal conduct of a person in his everyday life. Golden Mean The Golden Mean ethical theory was proposed by Aristotle. According to this theory, the solution to a problem is found by analyzing the reason and the logic. A “Mean value of solution” which will be between the extremes of excess and deficiency.
/a>For example, the solution to the problem of environment pollution is neither by avoiding industrialization and civilization, nor by neglecting the environment completely. A mean solution that will work towards controlling the pollution and protecting the environment will also help. Problem in Application The application of this theory varies from one person to another with their powers of reasoning and the difficulty in applying the theory to ethical problems. What is Golden Mean? The Golden Mean virtue can be understood as the virtue of reaching a proper balance between extremes in conduct, emotion, desire and attitude.
This theory phrased by Aristotle states that virtues are tendencies to find the golden mean between the extremes of too much (excess) and too little (deficiency) with regard to particular aspects of our lives. The most important virtue is practical wisdom, i.e., morally good judgment, which enables one to discern the mean for all the other virtues. There are internal goods such as products, activities and experiences should never clash with the external goods such as money, power self-esteem and prestige. The standards of excellence enable internal goods to be achieved.
The external goods when extremely concerned, though by individuals or by organizations, threaten the internal goods. Rights-based Ethical Theory The Rights based ethical theory was proposed by John Locke. According to this theory, the solution to a problem is by realizing that every person has a right to live. Live and let live is the philosophy behind this theory. The rights of a person towards life, health, liberty, possession, etc. are taken care of under this theory. For example, any action in terms of Capital punishment, Jails, Income taxes and Medical charges etc. come under this category. Problem in Application One rights of a person may be in conflict with rights of the other. What does it mean? Rights-based ethics is the recognition of human dignity at its most basic form. The ethics refer to the basic human rights whether they are positive or negative. Everyone has a right to live, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Beauchamp and Childress, authors and ethical theorists, have defined the term "right" to be a "justified claim that individuals and groups can make upon other individuals or upon society; to have a right is to be in a position to determine by one's choices, what others should do or need not do."
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Truthfulness Truthfulness may refer to:
• Honesty - a moral character of a human being, related to telling the truth
• Accuracy - the propensity of information to be correct
• Strategyproofness - a property of a mechanism in game-theory, related to encouraging the participants to act according to their true preferences. See also:
• Truth - a concept most often used to mean in accord with fact or reality.
• Truthiness - a quality characterizing a "truth" that a person making an argument or assertion claims to know intuitively.
• Truthlikeness - a philosophical concept that distinguishes between the relative and apparent truth and falsity of assertions and hypotheses. Difference Between Custom and Tradition Main Difference – Custom vs Tradition Every society, community and family have traditions and customs that are common to them. Though these two words, traditions, and customs are often used interchangeably, there is a slight difference between custom and tradition.
The main difference between custom and tradition lies in the length of time associated with them. A custom is a commonly accepted manner of behaving or doing something in a particular society, place or time. A tradition is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation.
What is a Tradition A tradition is a way of behaving, thinking or doing something that has been followed by people in a particular community, society, family, etc. for a long time. A tradition can be an idea, belief that is passed down from one generation to another. It can be common to a certain religion, culture or even a family. For example, members of a certain family can have a party on a certain day of the year. If this practice is followed for many years by several generations, this can turn to a family tradition.
While following traditions are not obligatory, many people follow traditions as it is the way of life that they have been taught from childhood. However, it is always better to follow a tradition after knowing the origins and the reason behind that tradition. Since traditions are not strict rules and regulations, it is always possible to change certain aspects of a tradition. In fact, most of the traditions we follow today are variations of an original tradition; over the time, people have added and omitted certain aspects of a tradition. For example, if we look at the history of the Christmas traditions, Christmas trees were traditionally decorated with edibles like apples and nuts; it was in the 18th century that it began to be illuminated by candles. Today Christmas trees are decorated with electric lights and various ornaments.
What is a Custom A custom is a usage or practice common to many or a particular place or group of people. It is the commonly accepted way of behaving or doing something in a particular society, place or time. Each culture, society and religion have their customs. For example, in some countries bowing is a way of showing respect and gratitude.
Just like traditions, a custom can start in a family; a certain gesture, behavior or act becomes a custom when it is constantly practiced. When a custom is followed for many years and passed down to younger generations, it becomes a tradition.
Difference Between Custom and Tradition Definition Custom is a usage or practice common to many or a particular place or group of people. Tradition is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation or the fact of being passed on in this way. Length of time Custom can be a new practice.
Tradition is always a custom that has been passed down for years. Connection Custom, if passed down for generations, can become a tradition Tradition is a custom that have been transmitted through generations. What is Value Education? Value Education is a stimulated process through which we impart value-based education.
The idea is about the educational procedure that ingrains moral guidelines to make progressively polite and majority rule social orders. Values education along these lines advances resilience and comprehension well beyond our political, social, and strict contrasts, putting extraordinary accentuation on the barrier of human rights, the insurance of ethnic minorities and the most helpless gatherings, and the preservation of nature.
The objective is that kids in the future add to society through great citizenship and morals. Moral education and character education, morals, and theory-based training have endeavored to do comparable things. Such education should assume a significant job in making an understudy socially capable, socially rich, just and firm.
Importance of Value Education Value education shall always play a very crucial role in the development of the child and our society as our values are moral guides.
There shall always be more emphasis on the value of knowledge as it helps in molding and developing in the personality of an individual and has below-mentioned importance:
• Assimilating this value through education will invigorate an individual’s physical, mental, enthusiastic prosperity.
• Value education helps in the most extreme advancement of a youngster’s character, perspectives, propensity, development, and so forth. Types of Values Values education along these lines advances resilience and comprehension well beyond our political, social and strict contrasts, putting extraordinary accentuation on the barrier of human rights, the insurance of ethnic minorities and the most helpless gatherings, and the preservation of nature and could be further classified into two types:
• Terminal Values: The term refers to those values which are most desired by human beings and are of utmost importance to the self and are long term goals like happiness, harmonious excellence, etc.
• Instrumental Values: The term refers to that value which is acceptable modes of conducting and are means of achieving the terminal values and includes traits like sincerity, honesty, personal ethics among others. Need for Value Education Value-based education is fundamental to build up an individual and help him/her deep-rooted from multiple points of view: 1. It provides positive guidance to the understudies to shape their future and even causes them to know the motivation behind their life. 2. It shows them the most ideal approach to life that can be helpful to people just like the individuals around them. 3. Value education additionally encourages the understudies to turn out to be increasingly mindful and reasonable. 4. It encourages them to comprehend the viewpoint of life in a superior manner and have an effective existence as a capable resident. 5. It likewise encourages understudies to build up a solid relationship with loved ones. 6. It builds up the character and character of the understudies. 7. Value education builds up a positive perspective on life in the understudy’s brain. What are the fundamental duties of the citizen? Article 51(A) says it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: “(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; (k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.” Value education helps in fulfilling one's aspirations Character oriented education that instils basic values and ethnic values in one’s psyche is called ‘Value Based Education’. The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education. Value education is important to help everyone in improving the value system that he/she holds and puts it to use. Once, one has understood his/ her values in life he/she can examine and control the various choices he/she makes in his/ her life. Value education enables us to understand our needs and visualize our goals correctly and also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions and bring harmony at all levels. It also helps remove our confusions and contradictions and enables us to rightly utilize the technological innovations. Values form the basis for all our thoughts, behaviours and actions. Once we know what is valuable to us, these values becomes the basis, the anchor for our actions. We also need to understand the universality of various human values, because only then we can have a definite and common program for value education. Then only we can be assured of a happy and harmonious human society. Basic guidelines for value education The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education. In order to qualify for any course on value education, the following guidelines for the content of the course are important:
.Universal: It needs to be applicable to all the human beings irrespective of cast, creed, nationalities, religion, etc., for all times and regions.
• Rational: It has to appeal to human reasoning. It has to be amenable to reasoning and not based on dogmas or blind beliefs.
• Natural and verifiable: It has to be naturally acceptable to the human being who goes through the course and when we live on the basis of such values it leads to our happiness. It needs to be experientially verifiable, and not based on dogmas, beliefs or assumptions.
• All encompassing: Value education is aimed at transforming our consciousness and living. Hence, it needs to cover all the dimensions (thought, behaviour, work and realization) and levels (individual, family, society, nature and existence) of human life and profession.
• Leading to harmony: The value education ultimately is targeted to promote harmony within the individual, among human beings and with nature.
