Aliphatic compound

In chemical science, hydrocarbons (compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen) square measure divided into 2 classes: aromatic compounds and open-chain compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). open-chain compounds are often saturated, like paraffin, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. aliphatic compounds, whether or not straight or branched, and that contain no rings of any sort, square measure continuously open-chain. Cyclic compounds are often open-chain if they're not aromatic.

Structure

Aliphatic compounds are often saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). If different parts (heteroatoms) square measure absolute to the carbon chain, the foremost common being gas, nitrogen, sulfur, and Cl, it's not a organic compound, and so not associate degree organic compound.

The least complicated organic compound is paraffin (CH4).

Properties

Most open-chain compounds square measure burnable, permitting the employment of hydrocarbons as fuel, like paraffin in Bunsen burners and as liquefied gas (LNG), and alkyne (acetylene) in attachment.

Examples of open-chain compounds

The most vital open-chain compounds are:

n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)

n-, iso- and cyclo-alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).

What is open-chain Hydrocarbon?

Halogenated open-chain hydrocarbons square measure organic chemicals during which one or a lot of H atoms are replaced by a group (i.e., fluorinated, chlorinated, brominated or iodized).

Aliphatic organic compound Definition

An organic compound or open-chain organic compound is associate degree chemical compound containing H and carbon atoms that square measure sometimes joined along bound via single, double or triple bonds.

Saturated and Unsaturated open-chain Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic compounds is also saturated or unsaturated. Saturated organic compound contains primarily alkanes that square measure chain hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon single bond. Most of the time the bond exists within the variety of a bond. These compounds square measure inert in nature and don't promptly react with acid, bases or different reagents.

Hydrocarbon molecules with a minimum of one covalent bond square measure referred to as unsaturated that means that a lot of H atoms are often intercalary to those molecules. Such molecules square measure way more reactive than saturated Unsaturated ones. this can be as a result of the covalent bond is a smaller amount than doubly as robust as one bond., creating it easier to interrupt one a part of the covalent bond apart than it'd be to interrupt one bond.

Hydrocarbon molecules that don't have any double bonds in them square measure referred to as saturated. This merely means there square measure as several H atoms as attainable within the molecule, and no a lot of are often intercalary. Unsaturated hydrocarbons square measure alkenes and alkynes that have one carbon-carbon covalent bond and one carbon-carbon triple bond severally. Unsaturated hydrocarbons square measure a lot of reactive than saturated hydrocarbons, and typically fewer H atoms are often seen in fetters with carbon atoms.